Tricolour
tricolour n (1797)
1 : a flag of three colors arranged in equal horizontal or vertical bands
source: Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable,
A red, white, and blue tricolour became the flag of the First Republic after the French Revolution (1789 to 1799) desposed the Bourbon monarchy.
Phrygian Cap
Phrygia was an ancient country of Asia Minor, in what is now Turkey. The religion of the Phrygians was an ecstatic nature worship, in which the Great Mother of the Gods, Rhea, or Cybele, and a male deity, Sabazius, played a prominent part. The orgiastic rites of this religion influenced both the Greeks and the Romans. Their power was apparently broken by the invasions of the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC. In the 6th century BC Croesus, king of Lydia, conquered all that was left of Phrygia, which passed successively under the rule of Persia, Macedonia, Pergamum, and Rome.
There is a Phrygian mode in music.
The Phrygian cap was adopted by freed slaves in Roman times, and thus this cap became a symbol of liberty. This headgear made its last appearance in the 18th century during the French Revolution. A conical cap with top turned forward, it is often red to signify circumcision and is the origin of the bishop's mitre and the Rosicrucians' hat. It can be found atop a swordpoint on the US Seal Of The Department Of The Army.
Unhappily, Smurfs wear white ones.
