Masbrough,
Rotherham 1854
They
soon found a house for rent on Midland Road in Masbrough, opposite the
Masbrough Iron Works where William had found a job. Although a menial
job it was better pay that at the pit and there was always a chance of
some improvement. He was an underhand to the Head Puddler whose team of
Puddlers used to stir and rake the molten iron in the rows of small
furnaces keeping it molten until it was ready for the hammer. If he
worked hard he could be promoted but usually it seemed that someone had
to die or be sent to gaol before that happened.
Number 33, Midland Road was one of a row of brick built terraced houses.
The red bricks had turned black with the grime being continually spewed
from the ironworks chimneys which settled on and blackened everything.
Myra found it to be a continual battle trying to keep it out of the
house but it seemed able to permeate throughout the smallest crevice and
settle on her shelves and ornaments. She missed the clean Greasbrough
air and often wished she were back there and that William was still
working at the pit. It was so different here. The people were a much
rougher breed having come from all the surrounding areas to find work
and seemed to be kicking and screaming to survive. She felt that they
were lucky really, in that lots of families were in lodgings, sharing a
house with one or even two other families, each family having one room
for themselves and possibly several children. Their house had a front
room as a sitting room and a back kitchen where they generally ate their
meals. A staircase reached up to the two bedrooms one of which had a
large double bed and an old wardrobe, both of which had been given to
them by Williams’s mother. Little Annie, who was now two years old and
toddling about and speaking her first words, slept in a cot in the other
bedroom. Most of the furniture in the house had either been bought
second hand or given by friendly neighbours whom they had met when they
moved to Masbrough. It was comfortable and warm.
Between
each pair of terraces was a dark passage running from the pavement at
the front of the house to the give access to the rear of the house and
the back door. In the back yard was a small building housing a midden,
which served the needs of half a dozen houses. Opening the door revealed
a wooden box on which you could sit. Cut into one of the cross planks
was a large hole over which you sat and performed the daily evacuation
of ones bowels. All the waste fell into an ashpit which was filled with
ashes from the housefires and the whole thing emptied and swilled down
once a fortnight.
Some of the local kids derived great pleasure from keeping and eye out
to see who visited the midden, wait until they were seated and then
throw a lighted newspaper into the ashpit singeing the bottom of the
poor sod that sat there. The door would fly open, out would come someone
with a steaming backside and the kids would scatter, laughing before
they could be caught. At least the backs of the houses in Midland Road
were open to a field beyond which lay Masbrough Common. Myra had learned
to only hang out the washing if the wind was blowing from the direction
of the common.
Looking out of the front window across the cobbled road you could only
see a high wall which hid behind it the wheezing, stinking ironworks
with it’s chimneys spewing black smoke, and steam rising from the
squeezers and soakers where the white hot metal was formed into iron
bars and being sprayed with water. The big steam hammers beating away
throughout the day, their heavy thuds relentlessly shaking the ground
and shaping the metal ingots into rails, girders and other ironwork
required by other industries, particularly mining and the new railway.
The neighbourhood was poor and it was only a stones throw from the new
Midland Railway station which added one more source of noise and grime
to the area as the steaming clanking trains went by pulling seemingly
endless wagon trains full of coal.
William worked hard making enough wages to support the family as time
went by. Myra fell pregnant again and presented William with a bouncing
baby boy this time. He was baptized Alfred. Two years later, in 1859,
along came Thirza, named after her grandmother. Life had been reasonably
kind although it was always a hard slog. William had progressed at work
and had been promoted to the position of a puddler and was getting
fairly good wages. This allowed them to enjoy a little social life in
their free time. Two or three nights a week, William would walk up to
the Black Bull public house and quench his thirst after a hard day in
front of those harsh furnaces with a few pints of ale and enjoy a tale
and maybe a game of cards with his friends, some of who were workmates
from the ironworks. He had taken to smoking a small pipe and would puff
away quietly, laughing occasionally at some of the experiences being
recounted by his friends. Occasionally, Myra would join him having asked
one of the neighbours to look after the children for a couple of hours.
Myra enjoyed these visits to the Black Bull, to be able to sit with her
husband and sink a few halves of black stout. They would walk home arm
in arm, both very slightly inebriated, her head resting on his shoulder.
William would fall into bed professing that he was tired but she could
always encourage him to make love.
She didn’t approve of some of Williams’s drinking friends. She
thought they were ruffians and knew that some had been in trouble with
the police. But William just said, “ Oh they are all right. Stop
worrying.” She was concerned that he would get caught on one of the
occasional evening’s that he went out poaching. The Game Law penalties
were quite strict. You could get 3 months in gaol for a first offence if
you were caught and convicted. All for a few rabbits which you could buy
for a few pence in the open market down in town. “Just doesn’t seem
to be worth the risk,” she would say.
One important thing that William had achieved in these last few years
was to learn to read and write. He had attended the Mechanic’s
Institute and they had provided the teaching. He was no great scholar,
but it had helped him progress at work and he was thankful now for the
extra effort he had put in to become literate. Poor Myra never had the
time to learn. She had never attended school and now with three young
children she hardly had any time for leisure and the need to be able to
read and write never entered her head. “Who am I going to write to?”
she used to say. However she had vowed that her own children would be
schooled in the three ‘R’s as soon as ever they were able.
In
August 1865, another son was born and he was named after his father and
his grandfather – William, a beautiful child with dark eyes and black
hair like his mother but having the sharp features of his father. Now
she had four mouths to feed as
well as herself and William. The eldest daughter Ann was now only
eleven, still at school and too young to work.
Life suddenly took a downturn when the iron and steel industry went into
recession and William was put on short time. This meant a drastic
reduction in wages and they were soon beginning to struggle. William
tried to get another job but so many men were affected by short time
that there simply weren’t any jobs to be had.
Night poaching had been no more than an enjoyable hobby to relieve the
boredom of the small amount of leisure time that he had available after
his long working day. It offered a little excitement in avoiding the
gamekeepers whilst producing a some goodness in the shape of a rabbit or
a hare for the hotpot along with a few cheap vegetables. It was also a
small source of income, for the neighbours were always willing to buy
even though they themselves were struggling to survive and the customers
at the Black Bull could be relied upon for a few coppers in exchange for
a heavy rabbit. Instead of just going out at a whim, night poaching
forays were well planned and they went in teams rather than
individually, sharing the spoils of the evening between them. The most
dangerous part was to be caught or recognised by the gamekeepers. Since
there were few gamekeepers and lots of land it was fairly easy to escape
even if any keepers came on the scene and so far, they had been lucky.
Although William and his friends generally planned their outings over an
afternoon pint of ale in the Black Bull, it was at William’s house on
Midland Road where the poachers generally assembled to pick up the nets
and finalise the details of the foray. They would set off in twos and
threes meeting up at the chosen spot. They had been to many different
locations always avoiding being caught and laughing at some of the near
misses when they had escaped the clutches of the keepers. However, now
that more game was being taken from the owners, the gamekeepers had
become more vigilant and every week there were reports in the local
newspapers of convictions for poaching resulting in prison sentences for
the guilty.
Silverwood
October 10th 1865
It
was Tuesday afternoon and it had been raining but the sky was beginning
to clear. William Sykes had met Jack Teale and Harry Bone in the Black
Bull. Jack Teale was a long, lank and wiry man. He had small prying
head, like the head of a weasel but, unlike the weasel’s, stubby and
dark carried on a neck which for length might be called a gizzard. A
lean, lithe, grizzly looking fellow, supple, agile with a leathery skin
and sinewy. He was uncomfortable looking and not, calculated by his
looks, able to promote a feeling of comfort in others. There was no
spare flesh about this man. Bone and thew, and plenty of each being his
characteristics and his black short beard, which is spread like the
black stubble of a bean field over his small sallow face did not improve
his features.
Henry Bone was married and had a family of five children. Under forty
years of age, about five foot and six inches in height, sallow
complexioned, angular in features, remarkably broad across the
shoulders, and altogether bearing the appearance of a powerful and
determined man although altogether an inferior sort of fellow. Broad
across the chest like Sykes, and carrying his head well up and chest
well out as did Sykes, and he had the same sturdy aplomb of bearing, but
short and vulgar looking. He had a sallow pockmarked
complexion with little sinister eyes and he walked with cock
sparrowy kind of strut. He
had nothing to redeem the mixture of coarseness and conceit which
characterized him, and the bricklayer’s labourer sort of dress in
which he usually dressed. His clothes made him look shorter and
more ill looking than he was and were marked with clay.
In the smoke laden atmosphere of the public house they sat around a
wooden table and planned the night’s foray. As they sat drinking their
ale, they were joined by Bob Woodhouse, a powerful looking man, about
five feet ten inches in height about 40 years of age. A stout, heavy
man, with nothing of the criminal in his appearance. He looked something
like a well fed gamekeeper or a well to do farm labourer. Broad
shouldered, deep chested, with a fair paunch, clean shaven, quiet in
manner and well dressed in a velveteen coat with metal buttons, and a
waistcoat nearly as dark as that of his coat. He had the look of a well
fed, well to do man with a self possessed contented expression and might
pass in the street for a foreman of navvies or a keeper of a country
public house. A low forehead topped with sleek dark hair, a large oval
face fringed with a little dark whisker neatly cut, a Roman nose and a
solid, stolid repose of expression being the characteristics of a head
which matches very well with the aldermanic breadth and general fullness
of the body on which it is placed.
He was rather fleshy than muscular and a stranger would scarcely
suppose that he had either the activity or the inclination for a
poacher’s life. He carried about with him a cosy, comfortable aspect,
sufficiently tinged with sedateness to make one note the contrast
between himself and his truculent looking partners in the practice of
the poacher’s perilous arts.
Some years ago he had been the Landlord of the King’s Arms public
house at the bottom of Doncaster Gate and was a pretty well known
character in Rotherham. However, just after the murder of a Mr.Whittaker
at Dalton Brook on the Doncaster road, Woodhouse was strongly suspected
of having been concerned with that horrible tragedy. Shortly afterwards
he left Rotherham and went to live somewhere in Lincolnshire, where, he
had been in trouble on charges of poaching several times. About a year
ago he had returned to Rotherham and was employed as a sub-contractor
under Messrs. Chadwick and Thirwell. He lived in lodgings in Wellgate
with his wife and family.
He greeted Sykes and Bone asking if they had decided where to go that
night. Sykes told him that they had agreed that Silverwood would be
place. Bone said that he would get Bentcliffe to come and Sykes would
contact ‘Ginger’ Savage and Davy Booth. There would be seven of
them. They were to assemble at William Sykes house and depart from there
about seven o’clock.
What they didn’t know, was that in the early evening, John Hawkins,
head gamekeeper in the employ of a Mr. Jubb, Solicitor and others who
used to shoot this land, would make arrangements with fellow
gamekeepers, William Lilley and Henry Machin to meet him at Silverwood
that evening for the purposes of watching for poachers there. A friend
called William Butler, who was a labourer was also asked if he wanted to
come along and he had agreed to meet them there. They would arrange to
meet about 8 o’clock at Silverwood, Hawkins going from his own house
at Wickersley and the others from Ravenfield village.
The seven poachers assembled at Sykes’ house at about seven o’clock.
First to arrive was Jack Teale, Henry Bone and Eddie Bentcliffe with his
dog, a ferocious looking cross bred shepherd and greyhound, held firmly
on a rope leash.
Eddie Bentcliffe lived at Rawmarsh where he co-habited with a woman who
passed for some time as the wife of the late notorious Dan Dickinson,
the highwayman who had been hanged for murder. Bentcliffe had a wife and
four children living in Rotherham and the last that was heard of him by
the police was when he was summoned before the Rotherham bench for
neglect of family, on which occasion, although he had not worked for
three months he was able at once to discharge all the demands of the
parish and so escape being sent to prison. He was currently wanted at
Castleford, on a charge of shooting a gamekeeper’s dog, during a night
poaching expedition in that neighbourhood. A collier, only 29 years of
age, he also, like William Sykes, was a strong powerful man with a
barrel chest and muscular stature.
Next to arrive was Bob Woodhouse, closely followed by ‘Ginger’
Savage and Davy Booth who had been contacted by Sykes earlier.
‘Ginger’ Savage was 35 years old and worked as an excavator on the
new railway. No one was sure of Ginger’s real name for he used
many aliases. Here was a man who appeared to be possessed of a strong
determination and muscular power. From his general demeanour, however,
he could perhaps be taken for a man who would not of himself think of
committing a major crime, though no doubt he would enjoy the pursuit of
poaching.
Davy Booth was the odd one out. Much older than the others, being about
50 years of age and about 5 foot 6 inches in height. He was married with
a wife and three or four children, the youngest being about 2 years old.
He was a navvy and had been employed at the new railway which was in the
course of construction between Sheffield and Rotherham. A man of
apparently much less bold or daring temperament than the others, and one
who would have to be led on to the committal of any great or serious
crime. Davy was, in attire and appearance, so much like a fisherman that
you might suppose he had just arrived from the coast. His complexion was
a salt water colour, having a corrugated face, the length of limb, and
the look of blended simplicity and strength that one expects to see
among shrimpers and the crews of herring boats. It was a surprise to
find him involved with poachers.
All the equipment was gathered together. Nets, staking pegs to hold the
nets in position and although not expecting any trouble, each carried a
heavy sycamore stick. Woodhouse reminded them all that if any of them
were set upon by gamekeepers to shout “Hey up, they’re here” and
that would be a signal to the others to run to the aid of the one being
apprehended in order to gain his release.
After deciding the route they would take to Silverwood, Woodhouse, Bone
and Bentcliffe left by the back door and went across a coal yard and up
on the Clough Road. Bone and Bentcliffe were each carrying a net and
sticks. Ten minutes later they were followed by Sykes carrying a net and
‘Ginger’ Savage and after a further ten minutes by Woodhouse and
Booth carrying a further two nets between them. They would all take a
similar route along the Clough Road until they came to the first gate,
and then follow the foot path which takes the course of the side of the
wall. They went along that until they got to what is called the Gin
House Lane, down this lane and past Carr House Colliery. Here they
passed two men standing near to some outbuildings which belonged to the
colliery. After passing Carr House Colliery they crossed a turnpike road
leading from Rotherham to Greasbrough, and here there was another man
standing on the causeway. Woodhouse said, “Looks like a copper to
me.” They passed on by him, however, a little further, going along the
carriage road to the back buildings of Carr House and then Woodhouse
sent Bentcliffe back to the other men who were following, to warn them
not to come that way, as there was a person standing there who looked
like a policeman. Bentcliffe turned and retraced his steps avoiding the
man they though might be a policeman. Sykes and Savage met him, waited
till Woodhouse and Booth caught up and then together proceeded on their
way slowly, passing along a private carriage road and through field
belonging to Carr House. They then went under a railway bridge along a
private carriage road of Earl Fitzwilliam’s for a short distance till
they came to Rawmarsh turnpike road and crossed it near Tate’s lodge
After they crossed the road they went along the canal bank in the
direction of Aldwarke. When they had got a little distance further, they
waited for Teale and Bone and then together proceeded on their way to
Aldwarke past the tall blast furnaces. As they went past the furnaces
they each picked up furnace cinders, each as big as a man’s fist and
as hard as glass and put them in their pockets. At Aldwarke they crossed
the weir bridge and then they approached the lock, at which there are
two or three houses. As they approached the lock, the seven men agreed
to separate, three of them, Woodhouse, Sykes and Bone going on one side
of the houses and the other four
round the other side. Near to these houses was a wire fencing which
seemed to have been used originally as a rope for a colliery, and on
passing these houses, Woodhouse was running his hand along this wire as
he walked along. He caught his hand on a broken strand that was sticking
up causing a deep cut on one of his fingers. He swore loudly and was
overheard by the lock keeper. It was quite dark by now and Woodhouse was
sure that lock keeper couldn’t see who it was that had swore. It also
happened that there was another man named Brazener on the far side of
the houses who saw the other four men pass on that side. Once past the
lock houses the group reformed and passing through Dalton Brook headed
up towards the fields close to Silverwood. It was quite dark, the moon
occasionally peeping through the scurrying clouds affording glimpses of
the fields and the woods in the distance. Sykes said, “It’s a
beautiful night. I think we are going to have a good catch tonight.”
Teale was heard to say, “Yes, they say that whenever two or three are
met together, God will always do summat for ‘em.” The others laughed
quietly at Teale’s remarks.
As they arrived at the first seed field, Teale, Bone, Sykes and Booth
began to run out and stake the nets along the length of the west edge of
the field that adjoined the wood. They commenced driving the field with
a line and got three rabbits. Woodhouse, Savage holding the dog by a
band, and Bentcliffe were in the fallow field below setting another net.
The four keepers had met at eight o’clock at Silverwood. They had
placed themselves behind the perimeter fence of a wood adjoining the
field belonging to farmer, Matthew Brown and they sat there quietly for
almost two hours until about ten o’clock. Suddenly, they each heard
the crack of stick being broken underfoot. Then they heard the footsteps
of men going by the side of the wood and observed first one, and then
two others go immediately past the spot where they were sitting. The
four keepers rose to their feet and looked over the fence. Lilley called
out, “Well, now is our time, let’s go” and immediately climbed
over the fence, his stick brandished high over his head heading in the
direction to the three poachers. He was followed by Machin and Butler
and as they went towards the poachers, a fourth man appeared.
William Sykes looked up seeing shadowy figures in the darkness running
towards them and shouted, “Hey up lads, they're here” as he saw the
keepers approach. Teale was standing in front of him and as Lilley
rushed forward to apprehend him, Sykes saw Teale’s arm rise and,
almost as if in slow motion, bringing the heavy stick crashing down on
Lilley’s forehead. Lilley dropped to the ground like a stone. Sykes
reached into his pocket and pulled out one of the heavy stones they had
picked up earlier. Teale was stood over Lilley repeatedly striking at
his head. Sykes lunged forward and struck Lilley a mighty blow on his
temple. Blood spurted out. Harry Bone was also beating him with his
stick.
Bentcliffe, Savage and Woodhouse were running up the fields towards the
noise of the fracas. Machin and Butler ran to Lilley’s aid but Sykes
turned to Butler and felled him with one blow of his heavy stick. The
other poacher’s had arrived now and were pelting Machin with stones
and he ran off followed by Woodhouse and Bentcliffe. The head keeper,
John Hawkins also ran to Lilley’s aid and was hit by a barrage of
stones. He let go of Machin’s black retriever, turned and ran back
into the wood and hid behind the fence. Woodhouse and Bentcliffe had
been unable to catch Machin who had hared off in the direction of
Ravenfield to get assistance. Woodhouse and Bentcliffe came back up the
field to where Sykes was beating Butler unmercifully. Butler was crying
out, “Have mercy on me. If you will spare my life this time I will
promise you I will never come watching again”. Woodhouse grabbed hold
of Sykes and said “For God’s sake, don’t kill the man,” pulling
him away from Butler who lay bleeding on the ground. Savage had slipped
the leash on Bentcliffe’s barking dog and it had attacked the
keeper’s retriever making it howl in agony as it sunk its razor sharp
teeth into its flesh.
Sykes was some ten yards away from where Lilley lay motionless. The moon
was obscured by cloud and as he peered into the darkness he saw the
shape of Woodhouse approach the spot where Lilley lay. He heard a blow
delivered to Lilley by Woodhouse but could not see exactly where
Woodhouse struck him. He heard Lilley moan faintly as the blow was
struck and then there was silence. As Woodhouse came back towards him he
said “Come away now lads”.
The keepers, Hawkins, Butler, Machin and the black retriever had all
disappeared now in to the darkness each of them, no doubt, licking their
wounds leaving Lilley prostrate on the ground.
The poachers collected up their nets and met together in the corner of
the field. Realisation of what had happened was now beginning to sink
in, especially to those who had not inflicted any blows to the keepers.
Lilley was obviously badly injured and the others must have suffered
some terrible injuries from the blows they had received. It seemed that
the poachers were unscathed, none of them having suffered as much as a
scratch from the keepers, except for Woodhouse’s hand which he had
slashed on the rope fence by the lock house. Teale laughed out loud,
“I’ve got the bastards hairy cap in my pocket.” It was a fur cap
made from a catskin that Lilley had been wearing. Woodhouse said,
“Better get rid of that, if the police catch you with it you’re
likely to get done for this job.” Woodhouse said, “We’d better not
go back the way we came. Let’s go over Herringthorpe way,” and set
off through the wood in that direction followed by the others. They half
ran, stumbling across Aldred’s pasture field just by Herringthorpe in
the darkness, through Mr. Jubb’s fields and down to Badsley Moor lane.
Here they stopped a moment. Woodhouse set off for his home in Wellgate
and Davy Booth said he would lead the rest of them down by Canklow Wood
corner, along a carriage road and then on to the Midland railway line
leading up to Masbrough. It was about half past twelve when William
Sykes got home. Myra and the children were all in bed fast asleep.
William sat in the chair and began to reflect on the events of
the night and the possible consequences if they had killed the keeper.
It might mean the hangman. He tried to put it out of his mind but every
time he closed his eyes he could imagine the bloodied face of the man
they had beaten and left for dead in the field at Silverwood on that
cold evening.
Sykes
woke early. It was a sunny morning and as soon as he could he would try
to find out if the keeper had recovered. He refolded his nets and took them upstairs into the
children’s room where he stored them in padlocked wooden trunk along
with various other poaching implements. The children were awake and Myra
had risen to prepare their breakfasts. William decided to tell her that
there had been some trouble with the keepers at Silverwood but
everything would be alright. Myra
listened but said nothing and carried on with the breakfasts. William
went out for a while after breakfast just walking the streets. He wanted
to see one of the others to find out what was happening but it was too
early yet. In the early afternoon he went to the Black Bull but the
landlord had not seen any of the others that day. He went home. In the
late afternoon there was a knock at the door. Myra had gone out and
William was alone. He answered the door and it was Teale standing there.
He beckoned him inside. Teale looked at him and said quite simply
“He’s dead. We killed him.” Sykes
looked back and said “We’re all dead men then.” Teale went on to
say how he had seen Woodhouse who had been arrested by the police that
morning and taken to the police station, but was released later having
given an alibi confirmed by one of the lodgers that he had been in the
house by ten o’clock. “He says that the dead keepers name was
Lilley. It’s that bastard that got my father done and sent down. I’m
bloody glad he’s dead. If I’d known it was him I would have made
sure he was dead before we left.” He tried to reassure William by
saying “Don’t worry, it was too dark for the other keepers to know
us. We are safe.” What Teale didn’t know was that the head keeper,
Hawkins had recognised him in the darkness although he couldn’t
recollect his name. William had now to tell Myra the truth of what had
happened on that fateful night which had rewarded them with no more than
a fat rabbit which they could have purchased for a few pence in the
market. He didn’t have to tell her. She had seen Woodhouse and Booth
on her way to Kimberworth and they had told her that the keeper was
dead.