Bond, down to earth

     Non Sufficit Orbis  - The World is Not Enough 

 

 

 

ERTH (Earth) BARTON MANOR

A Homestead of a BOND Family

 

For many years I have been researching my own BOND family, who were generally from the North West of England in Westmorland, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and finally moving to Cheshire.  How my ancestors got to Westmorland still remains a mystery, a mystery that some day may well be solved.

Dr.Allen Kerr Bond (1930) wrote a book about the beginnings of a Bond family in England, located at ERTH BARTON in Cornwall. I had never heard of Dr.Bond or Erth, until one day I found a digitised version of the book on the Internet.

The book was not a story based upon real genealogy, but rather a saga about a particular family of Bond’s or Bonde that were portrayed as being a founding family.  Dr.Bond had gone to great lengths in his research, and full credit must be given to him and his family for producing such an interesting work, and one that I would not wish to misrepresent in any way.

Allow me therefore to romance awhile.   In the summer of 2000, I decided on a holiday in the South West of England, and after a few days relaxing on the English Riviera, a search for Erth Barton was beckoning. A drive across the river Tamar bridge into Cornwall was certainly favourite, and just like the old fox when the hunts on, I was going to earth, but in this case it was an attempt to find the abode of the Bond’s of ERTH as portrayed in the Dr.Bond book. I headed for SALTASH on the A38 main road, and then to the St.Stephen Parish Church where many Bond family records began in the mid 16th century. Unfortunately the Church door was locked, just like most other Churches and Chapels these days, which is a great shame.  Due to the increase in vandalism and burglary, such places of worship and interest, have no alternative but to secure all doors to protect their altar brasses, candlesticks, oil paintings, poor boxes, books and other treasures. 

I have always found that the inside of any Church speaks volumes about their parishioners, but alas no more. Even the Churchyard has now submitted to change at St Stephen, many grave stones have been lifted, and placed standing up next to each other forming large squares, and I suppose this helps the maintenance programme of grass-cutting. I took some photographs of the Church exterior, but they were not too exciting due to it raining at the time. I decided to move on towards Erth, and that was no easy task. The minor roads in Cornwall are extremely narrow, with earthen hedges reaching upwards to well over ten feet high.  It is not possible to see any oncoming traffic, so your 'ears' have the advantage over your 'eyes' when approaching bends, and if you had the misfortune to meet another vehicle then somebody had to reverse, a most frightening experience when on blind hills. I never found any road signs pointing the way to Erth, and soon became completely lost; after a while I did enter a very small village near Forder, and on seeing a couple of village folk, I asked for help. They had resided in the area for quite some time but had never heard of such a place named Erth, anyway they guided me down another lane to the Tamar waters edge, only to find it was the wrong way, however, it was interesting to see that some villagers were proudly working on a millennium project of re-constructing a quaint 500 year old stone quay, and they just wanted me to see it.

* Cornwall is certainly a county with a difference, and the condition of the highways does not reflect upon the local Council, they are quite simply old packhorse lanes pinched between earthen hedges, delightfully covered with primroses, foxgloves and honeysuckle. I had the feeling Erth was not too far away, so I headed up another winding lane, which resembled a steep sided dry ditch, to a place known as Antony Gate. Shortly afterwards I once again lost my bearings but regardless of any great concern I just seemed to press on at a steady dangerous 5 mph., for some reason or other, something was urging me to go on forward. A road junction appeared, and not seeing any directions I hit the brakes. The car stopped dead, which was fortunate, because a white taxicab was suddenly in my face, it mysteriously came from nowhere. We carefully drew abreast of each other at the widest point of the junction, and then as the Taxi inched its way alongside, I said to the cabbie

"Excuse me, any idea where a place called Erth is?"  A gentleman sitting next to him leaned forward and said, "I am Erth, I come from Erth, why do you wish to go to Erth?"  Now that is what I call FATE. It was just like the modern equivalent of the ‘Knight of Erth’ leaping over the hedge on his trusty stallion, using his powers of intervention, challenging me!  I explained to the gentleman in the taxi (who I shall call Mr.B) that I was interested in Genealogy and doing some family research. He immediately stated that ‘Erth’ once belonged to a BOND family, that he was acquainted with their family history and though he was not a Bond himself, he did have quite an interest in that name.    I next informed Mr B., that I was actually a Bond, thinking this may please him, but not so, he frowned, and I knew a problem existed.  He asked "Are you from abroad? "  I told him that I was English. Mr.B relaxed with a sigh, and then explained that he was not very happy with certain visitors, because somebody researching the name Bond from abroad had 'borrowed' data and documents from him, and never returned. There cannot be many foreign Bond researchers who have actually gone to Erth by my reckoning. To be honest, I live in England, and did not know such a place existed. I never asked when this incident happened, as I did not wish to labour on the point, but it was probably sometime ago. To ease the situation, I promised that I would try and recover the material if it was possible. Finally on this prickly subject, Mr.B considered he had never personally received a copy of the 'beginnings book', neither from the Pegasus Publishing, Printing Co, the late author’s family or anyone else.  I said I would certainly rectify the matter now, by letting him have my copy post haste.  As a footnote to the above, I have since checked the material Mr.B. had remaining, and discovered it was actually a few chapters of the ‘beginnings book’, so it is not difficult to reason the missing documents were probably part of the book he didn’t know he had once been given or somebody had provided at Erth, Mr.B now has a full copy at Erth so the matter is rectified.

       Enough said, on with the account…

The taxi meter was still running for Mr.B, and he had a business matter to attend in Saltash, I could not delay his journey any longer, I would have liked to spend a few hours with him up at the Farm 'homestead' but unfortunately I wanted to travel on shortly to Polperro, a place where the 'piskey' people lived! Nevertheless, Mr.B insisted I went up to the homestead to view ERTH.

 He gave accurate directions, we bade farewell, and went our separate ways. The worrying lanes became more leafy, the meadow countryside more open, and before long I was driving over cattle grids, and Erth's wheat field tracks. I drove into the homestead quadrangle, and there to the left was the old Chapel, what a delight to see.

I can only describe what I saw as an ordinary visitor, not as a qualified architect or historian.

The buildings to the rear were quite modern, inasmuch that they were dated 1846.

The old Manor House was directly in front view, and other farm buildings and stables to the right. I reached for my camera and headed for the Chapel. Now this was no ordinary Chapel, this was unique in every way, though empty it was full of mystery. It had a first storey accessed by a large outside stone stairway.  The windows at the gable end had dripstone above, and though at first I thought they were of the Gothic period,

I reasoned the whole building to be West Saxon, and the plain glazed windows added to suit.  

The window openings did have the characteristic segmental pointing of early Norman styles but when viewed from inside it was noted that the windows set in the extremely thick walls had a very large splay within. The inside stonewalls were rough plastered, there was no evidence of any decorative dressing whatsoever; they were completely bare in every sense. I paid little attention to the timber floor or roof as these had been replaced, probably a number of times over. The ground floor had two rooms, one had a narrow Chapel window, which had a central vertical protective bar, and it was as though the room had been made in to a cell at some point in time, a place where maybe felons could be confined to await the arrival of the Constable.  The room now contained an old cider press for producing 'scrumpy'. I would imagine originally this building was wholesome without the first floor, because the stone walling around this lower window had once formed a large archway, which could have been the main entrance before conversion centuries later. Under the gable window, there appears to have been an earlier doorway, judging by the stone arch, which is covered with undergrowth. The second room was just used for storage.  The floor of the rooms lay below ground level, and I imagine they were original earthen floors rather than stone.  All the Chapel external walling had putlock recesses, which were for resting the ends of inserted timber supports of scaffolding crosspieces, and not for the birds or ventilation.

Outside the Chapel, at the near corner, lay the stone pedestal base of a Celtic Cross, and I wonder if this presented a clue to any 'Erth' Cornish connections with Ireland, St.Urghi or Ergan, an Irish lady who helped to bring Christianity to Cornwall, another mystery. The Manor House also featured an outside stone stairway to the right of the main entrance door, and again this may have been added later.

The Manor’s main door really begs your attention, the outer stone framework is not unlike that of the chapel in style, and it is rather segmental, and presents a solid looking affair.  Immediately set behind the stone archway is an inner porch wooden door (painted white) with stained glass panes, probably Victorian period, and then the 'piece de resistance' is a really solid iron studded wooden door with a heavy iron-fastening bar. This latter door certainly had originality.

The window mullions are plain, not decorated like Early English and probably of a Perpendicular style, this is further illustrated by the dripstones, which followed the window horizontal line and terminated with a drop and return. It is a lovely farm Manor House, which has undergone many changes and improvements over the centuries. It has been tastefully attended to, and I would have enjoyed staying there for bed and breakfast, which was available.  There is also an active livery stable for equine-minded visitors. I could quite easily have placed my head on a feathered bed, and even a creaky floor or squeaky door would not have disturbed my slumber, for I am sure any lingering Bond ghosts would be there for my protection. I did not venture inside the Manor or wonder any further, the master's hound lay on the lawn (see photograph), and being a believer, I accept what Chaucer said. "It is nought good a sleeping hound to wake".  Returning from Erth was easy, and I now know the way without fuss, it is more or less a straight run from off the main A38 road.I moved on through TREMATON, a village where Trematon Castle stood, once the home of Lord Caradon. The Norman Keep can be seen from the road, and the one time Chapel in the village was easily missed through conversion. In Dr. Bond’s book, the first mention of Erth in history was found in the English Calendar of Patent Rolls for 1337 A.D. (King Edward the Third,) when Henry de Erth was made Constable of the strong castle of Trematon, a few miles from Earth. Although this knight of Earth was not a Bond, it was by marriage with one of his heiress descendants a little later that the first Bond came to Erth as its knightly possessor.  Henry de Earth was standard-bearer to John of Eltham, younger brother of Edward III, at the Battle of Berwick 1333. Apparently he was a personal friend of the prince, who was Duke of Cornwall at the time, and who no doubt would have often been at Trematon Castle near Earth, when he visited his Duchy.  In 1333 A.D., King Edward made his greatest expedition against Scotland, resulting in the capture and permanent annexation to England of the strong Scottish border fortress of Berwick. It was in this campaign and the battles, which followed it that the Knight of Earth won the honours later bestowed upon him. The memory of what they had accomplished at Bannockburn a few years before under King Robert Bruce, was probably fresh in the minds of all veterans of both armies.  In the great battle at Halidon Hill and Berwick, where John of Eltham was a commander, the fury of the Scottish attack wore itself out, and the Knight of Earth, guardian, must have been in the very thickest of the conflict. All the knights, we know fought on foot in it, and only a strong, prudent, fearless man would be trusted as the standard bearer, and honoured for life with the command of a royal castle, as a reward for the way he defended it that day.

 The Scottish leaders ordered this Battle of Berwick on the same plan that King Robert had adopted so successfully previously.  There was perfected, however, on this victorious battle-field a new tactical device of the English, which was for generations to astonish Europe, a battle front in which the enemy, to reach the ranks of dismounted knights and men-at-arms, must first pass under the fire of great masses of longbow archers, posted on the flanks of the advancing enemy's heavy-armed battalions. It was quite impossible for mounted knights, with the incomplete armour of those days to drive home any attack. Their horses would stampede, and so tremendous was the force of the arrow that it would pierce the weak points of the best armours and compels retreat. Old-time writers strive in vain to describe the flight of grey-goose shafts, shot in quick succession from ten or twenty thousand archers, advancing a step and letting go all at once, then another step and another volley. At Berwick, Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt they fled before the English, or died under such a bombardment. All honour, then, to the Scottish brave hearts that closed in through this deadly storm upon the circle where the Knight of Earth had planted his banner.

In preparation for the great battle at Berwick, John of Eltham would probably have travelled up north, certainly a year earlier, and would probably have taken with him his most loyal aides, and advisers, which would include those from Trematon, and a few other leaders from the Cornwall homesteads.  This advanced party may have included members of a Bond family, maybe even some related to Robert Bond who married Elizabeth, favoured daughter of Geoffrey de Earth.  If the John of Eltham contingent had not travelled by boat to ascended on the northern counties, - sailing from nearby Plymouth through the Irish Celtic sea, they would have certainly made the journey by packhorse on the Roman Roads, calling on relations along the way.  On reaching Lancaster, John of Eltham probably visited the castle.  Previously in 1322, Robert the Bruce had burnt down most of Lancaster, but the castle was secure. Edward III’s son, John of Gaunt was much associated with this castle, and was of course John of Eltham’s famous nephew.  Having reached the northern parts, landowners loyal to the King would have been approached, and arrangements made for the provision of mounts, and the production of food to sustain an army, an army mainly recruited from the local inhabitants who up to then had alone faced Scotland’s marauders on the border.  Following the great battle, it is reasonable to assume that many of the advanced party never returned back to Cornwall, but instead remained in defence or by design to settle in the North. One could imagine that maybe the first Bond’s of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire and Yorkshire, are as such, descendents from the Bond’s of Earth in Cornwall, being part of this right wing of the King Edward army, but in reality, Bond folk were probably resident up north much earlier (see D.N.A. project page).

After the marriage of Robert Bond to the favoured daughter of Geoffrey de Earth, Bond generations ascended, and from 1400 A.D onwards for two hundred years they flourished in the English counties.  Eminent Bond family lines developed in Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Norfolk, Suffolk and London, all claiming direct association with the descendants of Earth. Florence Cynthia Bond wrote an article in 1957, which has been clearly reproduced by Peter Entwhistle. It is based on her research, and many sketches of the Bond family ‘crests’ were explained.  I have taken the liberty, with good intent, to redraw these sketched ‘crests’ and have displayed them on my page titled Bond, where is your coat.

The ‘crests’, which have surmounted the Bond shield, varied from family to family, and these included amongst others an Eagles Wing, a Dagger, a seated Lion and most impressively the Demi-Horse Pegasus. A ‘crest’ is not a coat of arms, heraldic achievement or even a badge, it is just simply an item placed on the Helmut, which has been adopted within a family to distinguish them from others. In truth, the invention of crests (mainly during the last three centuries) is a decadent development in classical heraldry, because they represent an item that in practice could never have been fastened to the top of a helmet.  The ‘Shield’ is the principal component of the heraldic achievement. It bears the arms - the same device or group of devices that was once borne on a knight's surcoat (the cloth coat that covered his armour). The only design which was manifest within the Bond family following the three deer heads of earth, was the black chevron with three gold bezants (coins), and this remains symbolic today, essentially for decorative purposes only, as very few have hereditary rights of entitlement.

                                                                    

                                Peter. W. Bond                                  

                                                             Ó Copyright

Rev. 16.04.06